Global Seasonal Climate Update for May-June-July 2025

For May-July 2025, sea surface temperature anomalies in the Niño 3.4 and Niño 3 regions are forecast to be near-average condition, indicating a neutral state for the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). In the Niño 4 region farther west, sea surface temperature anomalies are also projected to decline to near-average. The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) index is expected to be in the negative territory. In the equatorial Atlantic, sea surface temperatures are anticipated to remain slightly above average in both the northern (NTA) and southern (STA) regions.Read More